Cyanoacrylate

Although liquid adhesives or glue have been used as embolic agents for nearly three decades, experience with them outside of neurointerventional indications is generally limited. Cyanoacrylates are the main liquid adhesives used in the vascular system and have an important role in managing vascular abnormalities, especially arteriovenous malformations. Vascular occlusion results as these agents polymerize on exposure to the ions in blood.

Alkyl cyanoacrylate instant adhesives are widely used because of their fast cure speed and versatility on a large number of substrates. Recent performance improvements, such as increased thermal resistance, resulted from the addition of latent acids and polymers, which do not copolymerize with the adhesive monomer, to the adhesive formulations. However, use of these additives can increase fixture time or reduce the final adhesive strength.

Purpose: To analyze the antibacterial effects in vitro of ethyl- cyanoacrylate (EC) tissue adhesive in different application volumes. Methods: Volumes of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 25, and 35 μl of EC were applied onto the sur- face of monolayer cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25924), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC49619), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC13883). The diameter of each EC drop was measured, and the area of the circle of EC (formed after its appli- cation onto the monolayer culture) was calculated.

The aim of the study was to compare suture, clip and clip combined with topical N-butyl cyanoacrylate in an experimental model of gastric perforation. Sixty Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups. Midline laparotomy was performed and a 4 mm puncture was done on the anterior surface of the stomach. Closure was performed by sutures in the first group, clip in the second group, and clip with topical cyanoacrylate in the third group. Ten rats underwent a re-laparotomy on the 3rd and 7th days, respectively.

The bonding strength between bone and α-2-cyanoacrylate polymers, with or without the addition of powdered hydroxyapatite, was determined. The tensile strength of a bone-cyanoacrylatebond was measured for each polymer: 4.31± 0.88 M Pa(methyl-), 5.74 ± 0.62 MPa (ethyl-), and 8.33 ± 0.41 MPa (isobutyl-). The tensile strength of the isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylatebond increased to 12.03 ± 0.72 MPa with the addition of 10% (w/v) hydroxyapatite before decreasing to 7.89 ± 0.58 Mpa on addition of 15% (w/v)hydroxyapatite.

The biocompatibility and bioresorption of 3-methoxybutylcyanoacrylate (MBCA) was evaluated in vivo using female Wistar albino rats. MBCA was found to elicit slight to moderate tissue reaction similar to isobutylcyanoacrylate (iBCA) which has been sold commercially as a surgical adhesive (Bucrylate®, Ethicon). MBCA was judged less reactive to tissue than ethylcyanoacrylate (ECA). The MBCA implants in rat gluteal muscles also resorbed within approx. 16 wk while iBCA implants remained essentially unchanged at 36 wk in vivo.