Formulations

The reaction of esters with ammonia, hydroxylamine and hydrazine to produce the corresponding amide, hydroxamic acid or hydrazide are well known. Cohn and Meyer reported a reaction between methyl salicylate and phenylhydrazine, and Baidakowski, Reformatski and Slepak prepared a few phenyhydrazitdes by heating the ester and phenylhydrazine in a sealed tube at 210°, but no other examples of this reaction have since been reported.

The reaction of 1-acetyl-2-phenylhydrazine with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile yielded [(4-cyano-1-phenylpyrazol-3-yl)aminomethylene]propanedinitrile. Hydrolysis followed by annulation with methyl isocyanate provided a synthetic route to 2-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines.

Gap-filling cyanoacrylate adhesives containing cyanoacrylate esters and organic halogenated polymers with a K-value of at least 46.

Adhesive composition comprising: A. at least one monomeric ester of 2-cyanoacrylic acid, and B. at least one polymerisation initiator selected from caffeine and theobromine

A 2-cyanoacrylate composition useful as an adhesive contains a Lewis acid metal salt comprising a metal such as aluminum, gallium, indium or thalium, and the conjugate base of an acid such as a monohalo-, dihalo- or trihalo-acetate (e.g. aluminum trifluoroacetate salt). A clathrate such as a crown ether is also present.

A 2-cyanoacrylate composition useful as an adhesive contains a Lewis acid metal salt comprising a metal such as aluminum, gallium, indium or thalium, and the conjugate base of an acid such as a monohalo-, dihalo- or trihalo-acetate (e.g. aluminum trifluoroacetate salt). A clathrate such as a crown ether is also present.

This paper presents a number of qualitative and semi-quantitative observations on the effect of small concentrations of water on the polymerizations of butyl cyanoacrylates by tertiary amines in THF. It reports also that, in the absence of other bases, large concentrations (approx. 1 mol/l) of water can cause the polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate, in THF, even in presence of normally inhibiting amounts (10−5 mol/l) of p-toluenesulfonic acid. A formal kinetic scheme of a stationary-state polymerization, initiated by hydroxyl anions, is presented and discussed.

An adhesive composition consisting essentially of (A) an alkyloxyalkyl 2-cyanoacrylate represented by the formula

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Dissolution with suitable solvents is one of the cheapest and more efficient processes for polystyrene waste management. In this work the solubility of polystyrene foams in several solvents benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, 1,3-butanediol, 2-butanol, linalool, geraniol, d-limonene, p-cymene, terpinene, phellandrene, terpineol, menthol, eucalyptol, cinnamaldheyde, nitrobenzene, N,N-dimethyl- formamide and water has been determined.

Polystyrene (PS) is currently used as packaging, insulating and storing material in various industrial or domestic fields. As a result, a large quantity of PS wastes is produced. Plastic wastes are not usually biodegradable, so it is necessary to suggest a technology to recycle them. Landfills and incineration are reasonably cheap methods but are not environmentally acceptable, therefore, alternative methods for polymer recycling are required. The general purpose of PS foam recycling is to recover a more compact polymeric material without degradation.