Biomedical

Povidone Iodine or polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine, commonly abbreviated as PVP-I was discovered by American scientists H. A. Shelanski and M. V. Shelanski. PVP- I was introduced to the pharmaceutical market as an antiseptic agent in the 1950’s and is found to be more effective than other iodine formulations and was less toxic

This invention relates to the preparation of an adduct of iodine and polymeric 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter referred to as polyvinylpyrrolidone) whereby there is fomred a composition which is readily soluble in water to form a stable solution and which provides iodine in readily available germicidally and bactericidally active form which is essentially non-toxic to warm-blooded animals.

This invention relates to a process of stabilizing a dry powered adduct of iodine and polymeric 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter referred to as polyvinyl pyrrolidone) whereby a stable composition is obtained which when dissolved in water will not change its pH and maintain a constant available iodine content.

Disclosed are cyanoacrylate compositions comprising a compatible antimicrobial agent and, in particular, a compatible iodine containing antimicrobial agent. These compositions provide for in situ formation of an antimicrobial polymeric cyanoacrylate film on mammalian skin.

Alkyl cyanoacrylate compositions comprising at least one alkyl cyanoacrylate, a biocompatible plasticizer (preferably dioctyl phthalate), and SO.sub.2 as an artionic polymerization inhibitor are provided. These compositions are suitable for topical application to human skin.

An emulsion containing a substantially water resistant film-forming copolymer phase and iodine is claimed. The polymer-in-water emulsion forms a film that is a substantially fluid resistant, low tack, flexible film which adheres to skin and releases iodine to skin. The addition of iodate to emulsions having such a film-forming copolymer phase and iodine further enhances stability of the emulsion.

Disclosed are methods for draping a surgical incision site prior to surgery. Specifically, the methods of this invention involve the in situ formation of a cyanoacrylate polymeric drape over the skin surface at the surgical incision site. An incision is then made through this surface and the surgery is then conducted through the incision

Bloodstream infections related to use of catheters, particularly central-line catheters, are an important cause of patient morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. This study evaluated the efficacy of skin disinfection with chlorhexidine gluconate compared with povidone-iodine solution in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (povi- done-iodine or PVPI) in water. This solution of SWCNT and PVPI is deposited as a composite film, composed of individual and bundled SWCNTs with a PVPI coating. This material acts as a conductive nanotextured bandage with high flexibility and self contained slow-release antiseptic iodine. Antibacterial properties were tested on Escherichia coli, showing high effi- cacy over 48 h. Four-probe resistance tests showed a sheet resistance of approximately 10 kX/h.