The preparation of the paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline isomers 1,5-; 2,5- and 1,7-; 2,7- and 5,7-dimethyl-4,6-dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidines is described and their structure established. A structurally specific synthesis of the caffeine and isocaffeine isomers 1,5,7- and 2,5,7-trimethyl-4,6- dioxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidines has been realized.